聲測管安裝好之后，按照超聲波換能器通道在樁體中的不同的布置方式，超聲波透射法基樁檢測主要有三種方法：

　　(一)樁(zhuang)內跨孔透射法(fa)

　　此法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)成(cheng)熟可(ke)靠的方(fang)法(fa)(fa) ,是(shi)(shi)超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)透射(she)法(fa)(fa)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)樁(zhuang)身質量(liang)(liang)的主要形(xing)式，其方(fang)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)樁(zhuang)內預(yu)埋兩(liang)(liang)根或兩(liang)(liang)根以上的聲(sheng)測(ce)管，在(zai)管中注滿清水，把(ba)發射(she)、接(jie)收(shou)換(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)置于兩(liang)(liang)管道中。檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)時超(chao)(chao)聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)由(you)發射(she)換(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)出(chu)發穿透兩(liang)(liang)管間混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)后(hou)被接(jie)收(shou)換(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)接(jie)收(shou)，實(shi)際有效檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)范圍(wei)為聲(sheng)波(bo)(bo)脈沖從發射(she)換(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)到接(jie)收(shou)換(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)所(suo)掃(sao)過的面(mian)積。根據不同(tong)的情(qing)況，采(cai)用(yong)一種(zhong)(zhong)或多種(zhong)(zhong)測(ce)試(shi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa) ,采(cai)集聲(sheng)學參數，根據波(bo)(bo)形(xing)的變化，來判(pan)定樁(zhuang)身混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)強度，判(pan)斷樁(zhuang)身混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)質量(liang)(liang)，跨孔法(fa)(fa)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)根據兩(liang)(liang)換(huan)(huan)(huan)能(neng)(neng)器(qi)相對高程(cheng)的變化，又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為平測(ce)、斜測(ce)、交叉(cha)斜測(ce)、扇形(xing)掃(sao)描(miao)測(ce)等方(fang)式，在(zai)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)時視(shi)實(shi)際需要靈活運用(yong)。[5]

　　(二)樁內單孔適射法

　　在某些(xie)特(te)殊情況下只有(you)-個孔(kong)道(dao)可供檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，例如(ru)在鉆(zhan)孔(kong)取芯(xin)后，我(wo)們(men)需(xu)進(jin)一步了解芯(xin)樣周圍混(hun)凝土質(zhi)量，作為鉆(zhan)芯(xin)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)的(de)補(bu)充手段，這(zhe)時可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單孔(kong)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)法(fa)，此(ci)時，換(huan)能(neng)(neng)器放置于一個孔(kong)中 ,換(huan)能(neng)(neng)器間用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)隔聲(sheng)(sheng)材料隔離(li)(或(huo)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)一發雙(shuang)收換(huan)能(neng)(neng)器)。超聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)從發射換(huan)能(neng)(neng)器出發經(jing)耦合(he)水進(jin)入孔(kong)壁(bi)混(hun)凝土表層(ceng)，并沿混(hun)凝土表層(ceng)滑行-段距離(li)后，再經(jing)耦臺水分別到(dao)達(da)兩個接收換(huan)能(neng)(neng)器上(shang)，從而測(ce)出超聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)沿孔(kong)壁(bi)混(hun)凝土傳播時的(de)各(ge)項聲(sheng)(sheng)學參(can)數。需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)是，運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)一檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)方式時，必須運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)信(xin)號分析技術，排除管(guan)中的(de)影響(xiang)干擾(rao)，當孔(kong)道(dao)中有(you)鋼質(zhi)套(tao)管(guan)時，由于鋼管(guan)影響(xiang)超聲(sheng)(sheng)波(bo)在孔(kong)壁(bi)混(hun)凝土中的(de)繞行，故不能(neng)(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此(ci)法(fa)。

　　(三)樁外孔透(tou)射法

　　當樁(zhuang)的(de)。上(shang)部(bu)結構已施I或樁(zhuang)內沒有換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)時，可在樁(zhuang)外(wai)(wai)緊貼樁(zhuang)邊的(de)土(tu)層中(zhong)鉆(zhan)一孔(kong)作為檢(jian)測通(tong)(tong)道(dao) ，檢(jian)測時在樁(zhuang)頂面放置(zhi)-發射(she)功率較大的(de)平面換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)，接收換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)從樁(zhuang)外(wai)(wai)孔(kong)中(zhong)自上(shang)而下(xia)慢(man)慢(man)放下(xia)，超(chao)聲波(bo)沿樁(zhuang)身(shen)(shen)混凝(ning)土(tu)向下(xia)傳播，并穿過(guo)樁(zhuang)與孔(kong)之間的(de)土(tu)層，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)孔(kong)中(zhong)耦合(he)水(shui)進(jin)入(ru)接收換(huan)能(neng)器(qi)，逐點測出透(tou)射(she)超(chao)聲波(bo)的(de)聲學參(can)數，根據(ju)信號的(de)變化情況大致判(pan)(pan)定樁(zhuang)身(shen)(shen)質量。由(you)于超(chao)聲波(bo)在土(tu)中(zhong)衰減很快(kuai)，這(zhe)種方法的(de)可測樁(zhuang)長十分有限，且職能(neng)判(pan)(pan)斷夾(jia)層、斷樁(zhuang)、縮頸等。